Clavicle Fractures
Causes, Symptoms, Types, Treatment Options, and Rehabilitation
Clavicle fractures are common injuries that occur due to direct trauma or falls onto the shoulder. The clavicle, also known as the collarbone, is a long bone that connects the sternum (breastbone) to the shoulder blade (scapula).
SymptomsÂ
Symptoms of clavicle fractures may include:
- Pain: Intense pain at the site of the fracture, exacerbated by movement.
- Swelling and bruising: Swelling and bruising around the collarbone area due to soft tissue damage.
- Deformity: A visible deformity or bump over the fractured area.
- Tenderness: Tenderness to touch or pressure around the broken clavicle.
Types of clavicle fractures
Clavicle fractures can be classified into different types based on their location along the bone:
Medial clavicle fractures: These fractures occur near the sternum end of the collarbone and are relatively rare.
Midshaft clavicle fractures: Midshaft fractures are the most common type, occurring in the middle portion of the collarbone.
Lateral clavicle fractures: These fractures occur near the outer end of the collarbone and can be more unstable, especially if there is a disruption of the coracoclavicular ligaments. This disruption can lead to a high non-union rate, where the fractured bones do not heal together.
Treatment for clavicle fractures
The treatment approach for clavicle fractures depends on the severity and displacement of the fracture.
Non-surgical treatment
Non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures can often be managed without surgery. The treatment typically involves wearing a sling for about 6 weeks. Early range-of-motion exercises may be initiated after 3-4 weeks, once the fracture begins to heal.
Surgical treatment
For displaced fractures, especially lateral clavicle fractures with significant instability or coracoclavicular ligament disruption, surgery may be recommended. Surgical treatment is performed to realign the fractured bones and typically involves a plate with screws to hold the bone fragments together. In surgical cases, a sling is typically used for comfort, and patients can begin full range-of-motion exercises immediately under the guidance of a physical therapist.
Rehabilitation for non-surgical and
surgical cases
Non-surgical rehabilitation
Immobilisation: Patients wear a sling to immobilise the arm and collarbone for the initial 6 weeks.
Early range of motion: After 3-4 weeks, once the fracture begins to heal, gentle range-of-motion exercises are initiated to prevent shoulder stiffness.
Surgical rehabilitation
Sling for comfort: A sling is used for comfort, but early range-of-motion exercises can be initiated immediately.
Progressive rehabilitation: Under the guidance of a physical therapist, patients begin progressive rehabilitation exercises to regain shoulder strength, stability, and function.
Clavicle fracture care with Dr Oscar Brumby-Rendell
Clavicle fractures are common injuries that can occur due to various causes. The type of fracture determines the treatment approach, with non-surgical options for less severe cases and surgical interventions for more displaced or unstable fractures. Rehabilitation is a vital aspect of recovery, helping patients regain shoulder function and return to their regular activities. With proper treatment and rehabilitation, most patients can expect excellent outcomes and a return to full shoulder function after clavicle fracture injuries.
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