Bursitis
Olecranon Bursitis
Elbow bursitis, also known as olecranon bursitis, is a common condition that causes swelling and discomfort at the back of the elbow. It occurs when the small fluid-filled sac (bursa) that cushions the tip of the elbow becomes inflamed or irritated. While often linked to repetitive leaning or direct injury, bursitis can also develop from infection or underlying medical conditions like gout and arthritis.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is important for preventing complications and restoring full elbow function. With proper diagnosis and care, most patients achieve relief and return to normal activities without long-term problems.
Causes of Bursitis
Elbow bursitis, also called olecranon bursitis, develops when the small fluid-filled sac at the tip of the elbow becomes inflamed. This can occur from repeated pressure on the elbow, a direct injury, infection, or underlying conditions such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis. Overuse and repetitive leaning on the elbow are among the most common everyday causes.
- Frequent pressure on the elbow from leaning or repetitive activities
- Sudden trauma such as a fall or direct blow
Underlying medical conditions like gout, kidney disease, or arthritis
Symptoms of Bursitis
Elbow bursitis often begins with noticeable swelling at the back of the elbow. Some patients experience tenderness or warmth, and in cases of infection, the area may become red and painful. Although bursitis can restrict motion, many patients still retain good range of movement early on.
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Visible swelling or lump at the tip of the elbow
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Pain, stiffness, or tenderness when bending or leaning on the elbow
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Warmth and redness, which may indicate infection
Diagnosis of Elbow Bursitis
Diagnosis is usually straightforward with a physical exam. Dr Oscar Brumby-Rendell will examine the swelling, check for tenderness, and ask about recent activities or injuries.
In some cases, imaging tests such as X-rays or ultrasounds help rule out other causes. If infection is suspected, fluid may be drawn from the bursa for laboratory testing.
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Physical examination to assess swelling and pain
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X-rays or ultrasounds to exclude fractures or other conditions
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Fluid aspiration if infection or gout is suspected
Treatment
Non-Surgical Treatments
Most cases of elbow bursitis improve with non-surgical measures. Rest, activity modification, and avoiding pressure on the elbow are first-line treatments. Anti-inflammatory medications, ice therapy, and protective padding can also help reduce symptoms. In cases of infection, antibiotics may be prescribed.
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Rest, ice, and elbow protection to reduce swelling
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief
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Aspiration or antibiotics if fluid build-up or infection is present
Surgical Treatments
When conservative management such as rest, physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medication, and aspiration fails, surgical treatment for olecranon bursitis may be considered. The most common operation is an olecranon bursectomy, where the inflamed bursa is removed.
This can be performed through a traditional open surgical approach or a minimally invasive endoscopic technique, which may reduce wound complications and improve recovery times. In some cases, if there is associated infection (septic olecranon bursitis), surgery may include irrigation and debridement to clear infection and prevent recurrence.
Orthopaedic surgeons also address any underlying causes such as bone spurs, elbow trauma, or chronic pressure on the olecranon. Post-surgery, patients typically undergo rehabilitation and physiotherapy to restore elbow function, reduce stiffness, and return to normal activity.
Olecranon bursitis surgery is highly effective for patients with chronic swelling, recurrent fluid collections, or painful limitation of elbow movement when non-operative treatments have not provided relief.
A rotational skin flap may be needed for cases with large lesions, as a large amount of space would otherwise be left after bursa removal. In these cases, Dr Brumby-Rendell will need to make a larger incision to prevent the recurrence of the condition and promote proper healing.
After the procedure is completed, the surgical tools are removed, the incision stitched, and the dressing applied to the wound. Generally, this surgery is completed within an hour, with no need for an overnight hospital stay. A compression bandage is often placed on the elbow to reduce the risk of fluid accumulation, but the elbow can be moved directly after the procedure. Your body will create a new bursa as your recover, which will assist proper elbow movement.
Normally, everyday activities can be recommenced within 2 weeks of surgery. Patients who work in industries that require manual labour may require alternative, lighter duties for a given recovery period.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation after elbow bursitis treatment focuses on restoring comfort and preventing recurrence. Patients are encouraged to gradually return to activities while avoiding prolonged pressure on the elbow. Physiotherapy may be recommended to maintain range of motion and strengthen the surrounding muscles. Protective pads and adjustments in daily habits can reduce the risk of another episode.
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Gradual return to activity guided by your doctor or therapist
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Protective elbow padding to reduce irritation
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Stretching and strengthening exercises to prevent stiffnessd
Frequently Asked Questions
Mild cases may improve on their own with rest and activity modification, though medical review is recommended to rule out infection.
Why Choose Dr Oscar Brumby-Rendell?
Dr Oscar Brumby-Rendell is an experienced orthopaedic surgeon specialising in elbow, shoulder, and hand conditions. At the Adelaide Shoulder and Upper Limb Clinic, he combines advanced diagnostic techniques with both conservative and surgical expertise to provide tailored care. Patients benefit from:
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A specialist with extensive experience in treating elbow bursitis and related conditions
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A personalised treatment plan that prioritises non-surgical care where possible
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Access to comprehensive rehabilitation support for long-term recovery
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